VIDEO: Conjoined Twins Transformed After Separation

Doctors didn’t expect Shylah and Selah Oglesby to live.

Their chances of dying were around 75 to 95 percent, leaving a small window for survival.

The two girls were conjoined at the stomach and shared a liver.

Physicians at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center spent three months creating a strategy to separate the little ones.

Ultimately, the six hour surgery was a success.

According to Wikipedia, the Moche culture of ancient Peru depicted conjoined twins in their ceramics dating back to 300 CE. Writing around 415 CE, St. Augustine of Hippo in his book City of God refers to a man “double in his upper, but single in his lower half–having two heads, two chests, four hands, but one body and two feet like an ordinary man.”

The earliest known documented case of conjoined twins dates from the year 942, when a pair of conjoined twin brothers from Armenia were brought to Constantinople for medical evaluation.

In Arabia, the twin brothers Hashim ibn Abd Manaf and ‘Abd Shams were born with Hashim’s leg attached to his twin brother’s head.

Legend says that their father, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, separated his conjoined sons with a sword and that some priests believed that the blood that had flowed between them signified wars between their progeny (confrontations did occur between Banu al’Abbas and Banu Ummaya ibn ‘Abd Shams in the year 750 AH).

The Muslim polymath Abū al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī described conjoined twins in his book Kitab-al-Saidana.

The English twin sisters Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, who were conjoined at the back (pygopagus), lived from 1100 to 1134 (or 1500 to 1534) and were perhaps the best-known early historical example of conjoined twins.

Other early conjoined twins to attain notice were the “Scottish brothers”, allegedly of the dicephalus type, essentially two heads sharing the same body (1460–1488, although the dates vary); the pygopagus Helen and Judith of Szőny, Hungary (1701–1723), who enjoyed a brief career in music before being sent to live in a convent; and Rita and Cristina of Parodi of Sardinia, born in 1829.

Rita and Cristina were dicephalus tetrabrachius (one body with four arms) twins and although they died at only eight months of age, they gained much attention as a curiosity when their parents exhibited them in Paris.

Several sets of conjoined twins lived during the nineteenth century and made careers for themselves in the performing arts, though none achieved quite the same level of fame and fortune as Chang and Eng. Most notably, Millie and Christine McCoy (or McKoy), pygopagus twins, were born into slavery in North Carolina in 1851.

They were sold to a showman, J.P. Smith, at birth, but were soon kidnapped by a rival showman. The kidnapper fled to England but was thwarted because England had already banned slavery. Smith traveled to England to collect the girls and brought with him their mother, Monimia, from whom they had been separated.

He and his wife provided the twins with an education and taught them to speak five languages, play music, and sing. For the rest of the century the twins enjoyed a successful career as “The Two-Headed Nightingale” and appeared with the Barnum Circus. In 1912 they died of tuberculosis, 17 hours apart.